Sound&Composition   Cybersounds

Played Sounds Sound generators: Mechanical music instruments Music: Classical music and derivates (old wine in old skins) Copyright area: Melodic combinations (usually sound independent) Example: A fugue theme by Bach can be played using different instruments and will retain its major value independent from sound. Consequence: The played sound is usually not relevant for the authenticity of musical information. The music can be identified without using its original sound assignment.

Sound Quotation Sound generators: Samplers with recorded resources of mechanical music instruments, environmental sounds, voices, etc., and synthesizers that simulate known sound resources Music: Pop music and other derivates of classical music (old wine in new skins) Copyright area: Melodic combinations (usually sound independent), sampled sounds that are commercially distributed Example: The same string sample can be used in different romantic sound tracks without interfering with the musical message. Consequence: The quoted (sampled) sound has the potential to become something authentic through electronic manipulation, but there is no use for it in a traditional music style. The copyright on a sound quotation is limited to commercial aspects and not of musical relevance. In case, a sound is manipulated in a specific way, it becomes a composed sound (see below).

Sound Collage Sound generators: Mechanical music instruments and other mechanical sound sources Music: Contemporary music in classical performance environments (new wine in old skins) Copyright area: Specific instrumental sound combinations and structures Example: The unique instrumental combinations in Ligeti's "Kammermusik" that need to be played in high density of micro-tonal and micro-rhythmical structures cannot be repeated in another piece without referring to its primary occurrence as a kind of quotation, even so the order of tones in the musical text would be changed (an identical procedure in traditional classical music would change the recognizable musical information). Consequence: Unique sound combinations with traditional instruments can only be build on an additive basis and not using generic sound control. Therefore, those combinations are very limited and can only be produced under extreme playing conditions.

Composed Sounds Sound generators: Electronic equipment Music: Contemporary electronic music (new wine in new skins) Copyright area: Sound and sound structures (cybertracks) Example: A specific instrumental sound filtered by specific human voice formants. This kind of sound cannot be used in a different musical piece without referring to its primary occurrence as a kind of quotation. Consequence: Unique sound creation contribute as an essential part of the musical information. The sound creation is controlled by algorithmic sound generation routines. Composed sounds cannot be created by playing instruments (no generic sound control) and are therefore being projected (see about performance versus projection).

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