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Concept       What is FleX?                                  
Implementation         In order to understand FleX better, we will have to look into music in general first.            
Presentation         We will base this on a simple typology of archetypes.                      
Contribution         Then, a multi-dimensional exploration of these archetypes will lead us to surprising insights.        
                                                   
                                                   
        Basics    > Explains the origin and the character of fundamental musical structures.          
                Introduces into the new metrics FleX music is based on.                
        Background    > Anthropology, Psychology, Music History and Historical Forms, Interdisciplinary       
                Relations, and Anecdotes.                          
        Applications    > Use Cases and Forms, Genres and Styles, Sound Trips, Hypersound Network,      
                Animated Sounds, Freesound, Communication Pyramid, Technical Information.      
        Glossary    > Most important terms of FleX Music.                      
somerights20
 
                                                 
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
    Basics                                      
                                                   
                                                   
The FleX concept is…       Phenomenal   Original   Functional     Attributive                  
                                                   
Introduction       The FleX music concept is phenomenal, original, and functional oriented, presenting a net          
        of attributes for deeper musical understanding. The following chapter handles the essential          
        components of the concept in its most important aspects.                      
                                                   
                                                   
Phenomenal       First of all, and this is really important, the FleX music concept is phenomenal oriented.             
        What does it mean?                                    
        We are looking first into what happens to our senses when we are listening to music.            
        Then we are trying to get a more systematic understanding.                      
                                                   
Phenomenon       The following are examples of four basic musical phenomenon FleX is built of. (Please visit          
        also other examples of the Freesound Music collections to gain a more complete experience.)          
                                                   
             Figures       Layers     Events   Xpressions              
                                                   
Animated Sounds      
Concept
             
                     
Click graphic to                     
enter play mode.                    
                     
                     
                                                   
        Figures, keeping a general attention level busy                        
                                                   
        Musical structures dominated by permanent repetitive and rhythmical actions in order to keep           
        the musical flow going. These structures are highly 'communicative'. They allow other structures        
        to dock on while appearing as a constitutive background.                      
                                                   
        Layers, allowing for concentration and meditation                      
                                                   
        Musical structures of rather static nature or representing longer lasting processes. They allow           
        to 'dive' deeply into sound and sound complexes, experiencing mental space, and creating           
        a kind of emotional environment. Layers are not always present.                    
                                                   
        Events, requiring sudden attention                            
                                                   
        Musical actions of singular and individual character that occur rather arbitrary. Their appearance         
        can be very different and spans from fill-ins representing a kind of 'comment' till important major         
        changes or occurrences of the musical structure like special breaks, start of new sections, etc.          
                                                   
        Xpressions, gaining highest overall focus of attention                    
                                                   
        Musical structures leading the musical communication. Usually split in phrases, these structures        
        are of individual and expressive nature and most responsible for the 'message' of a certain piece         
        of music. Xpressions are almost always present.                          
                                                   
                                                   
Flexible Metrics       These phenomenon are universal and not unique to FleX music.                    
                                                   
        However,                                        
                                                   
        Musical structures that are typical for FleX, appear with certain characteristics of flexible metrics,        
        Unlike music that is rasterized by an equi-distant tonal and rhythmical 'operating system':            
                                                   
        > Sound sequences appear in variable frames lined up by multiple or modulated metrics.          
        > Sound sequences are not organized in static recurring loops based on a certain meter.          
        > Sounds moving through the full range of available frequencies creating dynamic harmonies.        
        > Sounds are not restricted to placements within a set of 12 halftones.                
        > Sounds appearing in any kind of sound transition.                        
        > Sounds are not bound by instrumental limitations.                        
        > Sounds are interconnected by an interactive environment providing flexible arrangements.        
        > Sounds are not burned down to an unchangeable sequence of musical events.            
                                                   
Free Sounds       In one word - with FleX, sounds are free:                            
                                                   
        > Free in its choice - a melody can be made of interesting noises.                  
        > Free in their parametric modulation - see flexible metrics above.                  
        > Free available - for everyone, everywhere.                          
        > Free in their combination - meeting in a continuous refreshment of their relationships.          
                                                   
Vision       With FleX you take the advantage of experiencing common musical archetypes with the most           
        progressive sound design known today. The consideration of musical roots can lead and influence         
        further sound development while creating an environment for unexpected musical excitements.          
                                                   
                                                   
Original       What are the physical energies being behind the phenomenon we are talking about?            
                                                   
Physical Energies      
      Figures are based on                        
        Figures   > Frequent Pulses.                        
              Pulses are created by sudden forceful actions onto material, like           
              strikes, or beats.                          
                                                   
       
 
        Layers are based on                          
            Layers   > Lasting Passages.                        
                  Passages are an outcome of applying constant and uninterrupted           
                  power onto material, like wiping or striping (going along with the material).      
                                                   
       
      Events are based on                          
        Events   > Effective Placements.                      
              Placements are a result of unpredictable power of any kind that          
              causes a change in the current sounding environment.              
                                                   
       
      Xpressions are based on                        
        Xpressions > Xpiring Phrases.                          
              Phrases are an outcome of any power derived from an expiration          
              potential that encloses a big range of highly articulated actions.          
                                                   
                                                   
Elementary Structure       The typical elementary structure (morphemes) of the above appliances is:                
                                                   
        Energy   Structure   Sound Examples         Visualization          
                                                   
        Pulse   Repetition Steps, heart beat, water drops     |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||          
        Passage   Long Sound Traffic noise, sound of an engine, rain   _____________          
        Placement Vector   Glissando, sudden fade-in, bell sound
         
        Phrase   Fractal   Bird songs, speech, creaking door          
                                           
                                                   
Time Structure       All elements can be characterized by a certain time structure:                      
                                                   
        Energy   Duration     Estimation   Occurrence Probability            
                                                   
        Pulse   Very short   0s <> 2s     Almost permanent              
        Phrase   Middle length   2s <> 8s     Very often                  
        Passage   Long     8s <> 30s     Many times                
        Placement Short     0s <> 8s     Arbitrary                  
                                                   
                                                   
Summary       The FleX concept considers physical origins being responsible for creating a basic level            
        of musical meaning, even in case, electronic sound generation or processing is being used.          
                                                   
                                                   
Functional       The functional aspects of the FleX concept point to the main underlying communicative             
        effects that the basic phenomenon cause in us when we listen to music.                  
                                                   
Main Functions       Xmission and Integration                                
                                                   
        Figures   Repetitive figures are most suitable to cause a physical resonance of our          
              body, creating the ultimate desire to move along with the sounds. In the same          
              time, our spirit is kept awake while continuously analyzing - even without knowing -        
              the ongoing relations and comparisons presented by the play of figures.            
              As a result, figures are creating a ground for transmission of musical information        
              that hardly can be rejected and that transport other musical phenomenon, while        
              providing the potential to integrate with them.                    
                                                   
        Enlarging Experiences                                  
                                                   
        Layers   Only if sound events stay persistent for a certain period of time we are able          
              to grasp their characteristics in greater depth. Layers provide the opportunity          
              to deep dive into musical structures and to develop a true emotional             
              relationship with them.                            
              Like figures, layers provide a kind of ongoing carrying functionality, while events         
              and expressions provoke rather particular and more focused reactions.            
                                                   
        Leaving the Structure                                  
                                                   
        Events   The primary function of events is to evoke the highest awareness in relation to          
              what the current musical situation provides. Events deliver the "greater picture".        
              They are the drivers for moving toward the exploration of further experiences.          
              A musical structure that owns very few surprises will tend to cause very            
              conservative and recurring behavior, while an overload of events cannot          
              keep the inherent and optimum power of the surprising information due to           
              disorientation.                                
                                                   
        Focusing on Messages                                  
                                                   
        Xpressions The highest density and degree of a joint emotional and intellectual feedback          
              is caused by musical expressions. Without them, music is "playing" (figures),           
              "sounding" (layers), or "attracting" (events), but not "speaking" nor "telling"          
              anything.                                  
              We are following expressions as we follow some bodies' speech, and we are          
              responding with a well developed sense of interest that resides between          
              a pole of being bored (too much repetitions) and a pole of being overwhelmed        
              (too much different information) - a sense that is of course very personal            
              and depends on our own dynamic and individual hearing experiences.            
                                                   
                                                   
Summary       The functional aspects of the phenomenon are presented in a very roughly and idealized            
        manner. In order to explore them deeper along with the  whole set of the phenomenological           
        axioms and their interdependencies, various methods can be provided:                  
                                                   
        > Topic maps and spread sheets that show independencies and analogies (see next section)        
        > Exploration of anthropological and psychological aspects (see next chapter "Background")        
        > Analyzing existing music (see next chapter "Background")                    
Mission       > The best of all: Openly experiencing the music itself with all senses (FleX serving as a tool)        
                                                   
                                                   
Attributive       The following table is an invitation for a deeper jump into the FleX typology. It shall provide some        
        inspiration helping to use the concept as a tool, while:                         
                                                   
FleX as Tool       > presenting a vast variety of attributes to describe music as is                    
        > inviting you to add or share your own typological attributes and views                
        > envisioning an orientation for further development of new hearing experiences.            
                                                   
Further Resources       Some of the items displayed in the table will be explored further in the following chapters            
        "Background" and "Applications". For a better understanding of the used terms you may also          
        visit the "Glossary" at the end of this page, or the "FleX Cube" (use link to the right).   >>          
                                                   
                                                   
FleX Associations       The FleX Associations Table                              
                                                   
        Category     F-Type   L-Type   E-Type   X-Type            
                                                   
Structure       Musical phenomenon Figures   Layers   Events   Xpressions          
                                                   
        Physical origins   Frequent   Lasting   Effective   Xpiring            
                  Pulses   Passages Placements Phrases            
                                                   
        Typical structure   Repetition   Long Sound Vector   Fractal            
                                                   
        Typical function   Xmission and Entering   Leaving the Focusing on          
                  Integration Experiences Structure   Messages          
                                                   
        Energetic direction   Introverted Introverted Extroverted Extroverted          
                                                   
        Basic attention     Background Background Focus   Focus            
                                                   
        Frames and Events   Open   Closed   Isolated   Related            
                  Frames   Frames   Events   Events            
                 
 
 
 
           
          White = Structure                    
          Blue = Function                    
                                   
                                                   
                                                   
        View       Expansive Introspective Introspective Expansive          
        (Dominance)     Intellectual Emotional Intellectual Emotional          
                                                   
Composition       High Level Phenomenon Continuous Consistent Change of   Complete            
                  Development Parameters Structure   Form            
                                                   
        Structure generation   Generating Fusing   Interpreting Combining          
                  Structure   Structure   Structure   Structure            
                                                   
        Generation tools   Rules   Mixer   Filter   Plans            
                                                   
        Generative power   Generative Degenerative Degenerative Generative          
                                                   
        Combinations of 4   Fused   Horizontal   Vertical   Horizontal            
        basic structures   into one   Combination Combination Vertical            
                                                   
                  FLEXFL   X_________ X   E  L   F   F  FFFF            
                       FLXEF   E_________ X   E  L   F   L  E XX            
                    FLEXELF L_________ X   E  L   F     E  X            
                  XFLEXL   F_________ X   E  L   F   X LL            
                                                   
                                                   
        Musical Structure   Polyphony Homophony Heterophony Combinations          
                                                   
        Basic musical forms   Fractal   Song   Serial   Story            
                                                   
Music Theory       Classic forms     Fugue   Song   Variations   Sonata            
                                                   
        Historic epoch     Baroque   Romantic   Neo-Classic Classic            
                                                   
        Traditional music terms Rhythm   Harmony   Fill-in   Melody            
                                                   
        Typical intervals   Steps   Repetition   Octave jump Quart jump          
                                                   
        Play commands   Leggiero   Legato   Staccato   Marcato            
                                                   
Sound Theory       Sound structures   Noise   Tone   Environment Spectra            
                                                   
        Sound origins     Electronic   Vocal   Environmental Instrumental          
                                                   
        Sound generation   Physical   Mechanical Sample   Composed          
                  Modeling   Generation Recording Sound            
                                                   
        Sound life cycle   Spectra   Sustain   Side     Sound            
                  Opening   Spectra   Noise   Attack            
                                                   
        Modulations     Slid Beats   Slid Sound Slid Structure Slid Pitches          
                                                   
Praxis       Instruments     Drums   Strings   Wind instr.   Voice            
                                                   
        Instrumental action   Striking   Bowing   Blowing   Singing            
                                                   
        Combo       Drummer   Bass   Keyboarder Soloist            
                                                   
        Presentations     Session   Recordings Exhibition   Performance          
                                                   
        Contributor     Lecturer   Listener   Distributor   Musician            
                                                   
        Architecture (Acoustics) Hall     Dome   Outside   Theater            
                                                   
Interdisciplinary       Architecture (Style)   Gothic   Romanic   Baroque   Bauhaus            
                                                   
        Fine Arts       Drawing   Painting   Collage   Sculpture            
                                                   
        Literature       Roman   Poetry   Anecdotes Drama            
                                                   
        Theater       Educational Tragedy   Comedy   Experimental          
                                                   
        Grammar       Object   Subject   Attribute   Verb            
                                                   
        Classic temperaments Phlegmatic Melancholic Sanguine   Choleric            
                 
Phleg
 
Melan
 
Sangu
 
Chole
           
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                                   
                                                   
        Progressive attitude   New wine   Old wine   Old wine   New wine            
                  Old skin   Old skin   New skin   New skin            
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
    Background                                  
                                                   
                                                   
        Anthropology   Psychology   Music History   Cross Links              
                                                   
                                                   
Anthropology       A snapshot of anthropologic musical roots can help to strengthen the view on musical            
        priorities and essential resources of expression.                          
                                                   
                                                   
Ancient Music       Anthropologic Roots                                  
                                                   
Primary Sources       Xpressions and Figures represent most frequently executed actions of a human being:            
                                                   
        1.  Doing things with hands, working.                             
        2. Communicating with voice, speaking.                            
                                                   
Secondary Sources       Layers and Events represent rather re-creational actions:                      
                                                   
        3.  Keeping things in place, meditating.                            
        4. Exploring new things, imitating, playing.                          
                                                   
        The following video snip has been taken 2004 in San Francisco. It is a small recording            
        of original Indian music and dance and shows once more the human root-case of               
        musical structure:                                     
                                                   
Indian Music Example,      
FleXSo1
                  Video snippet:   >>          
                                             
San Francisco, 2004                         Audio snippet:   >>          
                                             
Click graphics to play                         Animated Sound:   >>          
                                             
video                         Geographical location: >>          
                                             
                          Freesound location:   >>          
                                                   
Ancient roots       Drumming (1) and singing (2) may be the oldest musical expressions that originate from those           
        basic human actions as it can be seen from the above video clip.                    
                                                   
        Ancient sound layers were produced through bowing, or sliding with the hands (3) while             
        blowing a pipe (4) might have been one of the most amazing musical events of the earliest days        
        of sound discovery.                                    
                                                   
Summary       1.  Action: Rhythmical strokes, drumming                            
          Source: Human work experience, doing things                        
          Body: Hands                                    
          FleX-Type: Figures                                  
                                                   
        2. Action: Shouting and singing, telling a story                          
          Source: Human communication through voice                        
          Body: Breathing system                                
          FleX-Type: Xpressions                                
                                                   
        3.  Action: Generate sudden sounds with material, whistling                    
          Source: Human experiences based on exploring, playing, imitating                
          Body: Breathing system                                
          FleX-Type: Events                                  
                                                   
        4. Action: Generate continuous sounds with material, bowing                    
          Source: Human mystification of lasting sounds                        
          Body: Hands                                    
          FleX-Type: Layers                                  
                                                   
                                                   
Unity of Elements       The "FleX Man"                                    
                                                   
       
                                 
Man breaking through                                        
grid, Azrieli Center,                                        
Tel Aviv, 2006                                        
                                         
Click image to enlarge                                        
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                                   
        The "FleX Man" symbolizes the unity of the four major musical areas as described above:          
                                                   
"FleX Man"        \ F /                                        
          L                                        
        /    \                                        
        _________e E                                      
                                                   
Description       > He needs intellectual abilities (F symbolizes his head).                      
        > He must feel well in his stomach (L symbolizes his stomach).                    
        > His arms and legs, i.e. his extremities (X) must be well trained to be able to act.            
        > He needs certain external devices and instruments to extend (E) his range,               
          like a surf board.                                  
                                                   
Music Limitation Check       Now lets surf into music:                                  
                                                   
        Try to think what happens if some of those elements are not enough developed or just             
        too big. You may find musical examples that are too head oriented and too intellectual,             
        or other music that does not care at all about cleverness but insists to permanently              
        invoke feelings, or music that just permanently runs and runs and runs, or another music            
        which sounds so strange and so far away that it completely looses its connection to the            
        body of the FleX Man.                                  
                                                   
Self Check       Can you identify those examples from your experience?                      
        Which of the FleX Man elements are exaggerated in your examples?                  
                                                   
        Secondly, the mapping of musical types to certain body areas is of course not a 1:1              
        relationship. Build examples where it is crossed, for example, meditative singing              
        corresponding to the Layer type.                                
                                                   
Constitutive Areas       Anthropologic Constitution of Musical Parameters                      
                                                   
        Beside the fundamental conditions of music generation, there are a lot of physical human            
        conditions that constitute music in its inner structure. Following a few examples:              
                                                   
        > Feeling of speed (fast, slow) is based on average heart beat (1 second).              
        > Feeling of tone height (high, low) is based on human voice range.                  
        > Distinguishing rhythmical from tone frequencies is based on 16 Hz.                  
        > Distinguishing consonant from dissonant intervals is based on                   
          degree of periodical relation of frequencies.                          
                                                   
        Beside those fundamental anthropologic features, musical structure must be explored            
        as a result of different complex social and individual psychological conditions.              
                                                   
                                                   
Psychology      
4Temperaments
Sangu
Chole
Melan
Phleg
 
                                         
                                                   
"Four Temperaments"                                                  
by an unknown artist                                                  
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
Musical Temperaments         Sanguine temperament, representing musical Event level                    
                                                   
Click graphics or line         Choleric temperament, representing musical Xpression level                    
to get explanation                                                  
          Melancholic temperament, representing musical Layer level                    
                                                   
          Phlegmatic temperament, representing musical Figures level                  
                                                   
                                                   
Cross Relations       Temperaments Chart                                  
       
                 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                                                   
                                                   
Show Cases       Application Examples of Musical Temperaments                      
                                                   
Anthropologic       1.  Temperaments of physical based music generation                      
                                                   
          > Striking - Choleric, aggression (rhythm)                        
          > Speaking - Phlegmatic, communication (melody)                      
          > Blowing - Sanguine, imitation (effects)                          
          > Bowing - Melancholic, meditation (harmony)                        
                                                   
Hierarchical       2.  Multi-level temperament appliance, for example                        
                                                   
          > Choleric elements in melody                            
          > Phlegmatic elements in melody                            
          > Sanguine elements in melody                            
          > Melancholic elements in melody                            
                                                   
Strength       3.  Strong and weak temperaments                              
                                                   
          > Choleric and Phlegmatic is strong, constitutive, generic.                    
          > Sanguine and Melancholic is weak, relaxing, degenerative.                  
          > Choleric and Phlegmatic is cross-functional:                        
            Choleric generation of Figures creating Phlegmatic intellectuality.                
            Phlegmatic generation of Phrases creating Choleric communication power.            
          > Sanguine and Melancholic is self-contained:                      
            Melancholic generation of Layers creating Melancholic meditation.                
            Sanguine generation of events creating Sanguine effects.                  
                                                   
Fractal Oscillation         Strong and weak temperaments need each other to create oscillating experiences,            
          i.e. they are generating ongoing tension on a higher level through the generative            
          change of tension and relaxation on lower levels (fractal relationships).                
                                                   
Didactics       4.  Examples for didactic projects based on a musical temperament theory                
                                                   
          > Playing composition (sonata) while continuously visualizing dominating               
            musical temperaments even on various levels.                      
          > Generating music as a group of people with temperament based roles.              
                                                   
                                                   
Music History       A limited view on European music history allows to map musical temperaments              
        to certain mind sets during important musical epochs:                        
                                                   
Mind Set Preferences       1.  Phlegmatic mind set of objectivism in Baroque epoch.                      
          Baroque counterpoint is highly intellectual and balanced.                    
                                                   
          Musical core form: Fugue                                
                                                   
        2.  Choleric mind set of dramatic expression in Classic epoch.                    
          Musical drama creates the highest musical contrast potential.                  
                                                   
          Musical core form: Sonata                                
                                                   
        3.  Melancholic mind set of introversion in Romantic epoch.                    
          Recurring musical structures as base for introspective experiences.                
                                                   
          Musical core form: Song                                
                                                   
        4.  Sanguine mind set of playing with distance in Neoclassicism epoch.                
          Musical citations and references creating meta-musical meanings.                  
                                                   
          Musical core form: Variation                              
                                                   
Mind Set Hierarchy       All mind set characteristics are always present in each of the epochs.                  
        Beside the clearly dominating preference, other elements are contributing                
        to the required full set of experiences, determine for example:                      
                                                   
        > Role of each of the core forms in each epoch (Beethoven and the fugue)                
        > Mentality of the creator (Bach known as choleric, Mozart as sanguine)                
        > Constitution of sonata form due to mind set contrasts (role of melancholic                
          subject within the complete piece) = various mind sets on one level even              
          in parallel within one musical period (accompanying structure and melody)              
        > Complete analysis of hierarchical relationship of temperaments (song as              
          melancholic form type with choleric base expression, cycle of songs                 
          representing sanguine type for variation = cycle on melancholic type of                
          songs)                                      
                                                   
        The hierarchical analysis of musical mind sets can be executed down to                 
        simple intervals:                                    
                                                   
        > Quart = Choleric (begin of 1st sonata for piano f Minor by Beethoven)                
        > Second = Phlegmatic (begin of C Major fugue, Well tempered piano by Bach)              
        > Prime = Melancholic (bass in C Major prelude, Well tempered piano by Bach)              
        > Octave = Sanguine (begin of Variations D Major for piano by Kabalevsky)              
                                                   
                                                   
Plans, Sketches ...       Analytical Tools and Principles                              
                                                   
        FleX Music Profile Tool > To be developed: FleX scanning chart for musical pieces          
                                                   
        Redundancy and Entropy >> Conditions for individual sweet spots in music              
                                                   
        Thermodynamic Principle > A well-tempered music should be envisioned as a  well            
                    balanced unity of the four fundamental temperamental powers.        
                                                   
                  > There seems to be a relationship between optimum redundancy        
                    of a musical structure and the degree of unity and balance of the         
                    temperamental powers.                      
                                                   
                  > An optimum musical structure should best manage the trade-off        
                    of availability (richness) and accessibility (perception) of musical         
                    information.                          
                                                   
        Musical Resonance   > Key for understanding conditions of musical effectiveness and        
                    communicative potential                      
                                                   
      ../../../wfo01r04.htm Wine and Skin Theory >> Interrelation of content and media                  
                                                   
                  > A reason for periodic (rasterized) metrics and scales in             
                    instrumental music is the need to synchronize diverse players        
                                                   
                  > Do we need those raster in electronically made music, or          
                    do they retain simply because of mind set resistance or            
                    the challenge to move to a new "flat", or "city", or "planet"?          
                                                   
        More Topics >> Thoughts about musical structure and electronic music            
                                                   
                                                   
Outlook       Static and Dynamic Metrics                                
                                                   
        During the past hundreds of years, music has been stabilized in equi-distant rhythmical and           
        tonal intervals:                                      
                                                   
        1.  Beats are mostly counted in 1-2-3-4, 1-2-3-4 schemes.                      
        2.  Tones are split into 12 fixed positions within an octave.                      
                                                   
        However, due to these basic limitations, musical styles are going to recycle more and more.          
                                                   
        Tomorrow’s music might be more flexible. What, if:                        
                                                   
        1.  Beats are permanently sliding?                              
        2.  Tone intervals are smoothly transformed?                          
        3.  Sound transitions will win finally over instrumental limitations?                    
        4.  A song will be the result of your interaction with a musical network, a unique sound trip?          
                                                   
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Cross Links       Something is mystic about the number 4. It is created out of two polarities. In a multidimensional          
        system, the 4 ends may come over cross to create another overlapping pair of polarities.           
        A lots of polarities may interrelate in complex systems.                        
                                                   
Theoretical Limitations       Music is a very complex phenomenon. It is important to understand that any analytical method          
        is limited because of the high number of interrelated parameters that are relevant in the real           
        existing musical structure in addition to its dynamic nature (while you are analyzing, it is             
        changing...). Since each view comes with its own distortion, from the possible tools that can be          
        chosen those might be preferred that are especially suitable to help memorizing and              
        communicating complex issues even to a broader audience.                      
                                                   
        FleX is an attempt to concentrate on a few basic characteristics while still allowing progressive           
        exploration - not necessarily hindering or significantly distorting possible insights. But it is             
        extremely limited, and instead of tempting musical substitution (it is always nice to sit in a café           
        and to talk), it shall contribute to true musical generation and unmasking other theories that           
        might underestimate the most important human constituents of the musical substance.            
                                                   
                                                   
Infotainment       Is Number 4 Magic?                                  
                                                   
        The following lists show how the number 4 is represented in musical and non-musical contexts:          
                                                   
Number 4 in Music       > 4/4-bar is most used in music                              
        > Diatonic scales (minor, major) are built of tetra chords (4 element 1-1-1-1/2 as basic unit)          
        > Full developed classical Symphony has 4 movements (all of Beethoven's symphonies)          
        > A symphony orchestra consists of four basic instrumental groups                   
          (string, wind, brass, and percussion instruments)                        
        > 4 voice assembly most important in polyphonic and classical music                 
          (soprano, alto, tenor, basso; 4 voice fugue; string quartet; 4 old keys)                
        > 4 forms of counterpoint transformation: original, mirror, inversion, mirrored inversion            
                                                   
Anecdotic       > Organ play with four extremities (two arms and two legs)                      
        > BACH, CAGE with four musical letters (see Hofstadter "Gödel, Escher, Bach")              
        > 4 phases of music historic life cycle of central European music                  
          (Baroque, Classics, Romantics, Neoclassic)                        
                                                   
Number 4 elsewhere       > 4 elements of genetic code                                
        > 4 groups in card games                                
          (acorn, cross = choleric, shell, checker = sanguine, heart = melancholic, green, leaf = phlegmatic)      
        > 4 seasons                                     
          (spring = sanguine, summer = choleric, fall = melancholic, winter = phlegmatic)              
        > 4 directions (east, south, west, north)                            
        > 4 walls of a standard room or a house                            
        > 4 corners of a window or a door                              
        > 4 classical temperaments (choleric, melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic)                
        > 4 wheels                                      
        > 4 legs of a table, chair, etc.                                
        > 4 legs of higher animals                                
        > 4 ends of cross symbol                                
                                                   
Your turn       Find more. Then find the same number of occurrences for 2 (should be possible),               
        3 (should be more difficult), 5 (will be impossible?), 6 (will be less but a lot), 7 (will              
        be much less), etc.                                    
                                                   
                                                   
Analogue Structures       Principles of Musical Grammar                              
                                                   
        To give an example how musical grammar or syntax is operating and how it can              
        be compared to other cognitive experiences, we can look how a certain musical              
        unit can be replaced. The recognition of those basic relationships can be                 
        considered as "resonance": We feel something similar and logical about what              
        we are listening to due to the structural homogeneity and similarity (music as a               
        "language" without specific meaning).                              
                                                   
Example 1       Replacement principles of a given musical unit:                          
                                                   
        1.  Replacement through variation of unit (same length)                      
        2.  Replacement through contrasting event (same length)                      
        3.  Replacement through cut-out or extended unit                        
        4.  Replacement through re-ordered elements of unit                        
                                                   
Example 2       Context modulation                                    
                                                   
        Exactly the same musical event can cause different resonances within the listener              
        depending on the context:                                  
                                                   
        1.  What is the musical structure before?                            
        2.  Is there some musical structure after that can mask the effect?                  
        3.  What are the concurrent musical events?                          
        4.  Has the listener experienced something alike or the same already?                
                                                   
        Looking into the FleX concept, the same musical event can transfer its meaning               
        from one type to another during a listening process. In the beginning the event                 
        might appear as Event since it sounds for the first time in a relative highly contrast              
        environment. Through permanent repetition it gains the attention of figurative play              
        (for example through side effects in the succession of itself). However the                 
        continuation lasts and therefore the figurative reception is diffusing while a                
        summarizing reception of a Layer is taking place. The same transformation can be               
        accelerated if a second more informative string (Xpression) is appearing that                 
        degrades the former one rapid in its level of attention.                        
                                                   
                                                   
4 Temperaments       Musical Examples                                    
                                                   
        The classical temperaments have been more than once subject for                   
        musical explorations. Which degree of matching characteristics would                   
        you suggest for the following pieces?                              
                                                   
C. Nielsen       Carl Nielsen - Symphony No. 2 op. 16 "The four temperaments"                    
        (Source)                                        
                                                   
        Allegro colerico                                
                                                   
        Allegro comodo e flemmatico                                
                                                   
        Andante malinconico                                
                                                   
        Allegro sanguineo                                
                                                   
                                                   
P. Hindemith       Paul Hindemith -  "The Four Temperaments" for piano and string orchestra                
        (Source)                                        
                                                   
        Theme                                  
                                                   
        1st Variation: Melancholic                                  
                                                   
        2nd Variation: Sanguine                                  
                                                   
        3rd Variation: Phlegmatic                                  
                                                   
        4th Variation: Choleric                                  
                                                   
                                                   
    Applications                                  
                                                   
                                                   
        Animated Sounds   Use Cases   Listening Spaces   Networking          
                                                   
                                                   
Animated Sounds     Animated Sounds are the basic tool to drive Freesound music and to promote                
        the FleX style practically (see also phenotype example in the "Basics" chapter              
        above).                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Animation       What are Animated Sounds?                              
                                                   
        With the introduction of "animated GIFs", images learned a simple way to run,                 
        presenting some kind of a very small movie. Animated Sounds do something                 
        similar in a musical way.                                  
                                                   
        Rather than being previewed, downloaded, cut, and inserted in a sound editor,               
        Animated Sounds can directly be assembled in a browser for continuous and                 
        simultaneous playing, linked in between web pages, or simply serve as an                 
        additional playground for home, studio, public, or DJ productions.                    
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Player       How does it work?                                    
                                                   
        A sound is being embedded in an interactive sound player. This player                   
        includes some automated schedule that causes it to be played again and again.               
        While doing so, basic parameters like start and end, fades, volume, and panorama             
        are continuously changing, thus creating a sound stream in a lively and animated               
        fashion.                                        
                                                   
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Use Cases       The FleX concept can be basically used for two purposes - for the direct support              
        of musical creation, and for reflection and education about music.                    
                                                   
                                                   
Music       FleX Music                                      
                                                   
        FleX music can be used to:                                  
                                                   
        > Provide new possibilities of musical playing experience                    
        > Sound installation in public environments                          
        > Practical musical education                              
        > Concerts and performances                              
        > Distribution of highlights through traditional and online channels                  
        > Supporting musical communities                              
        > Providing live effects for DJs                              
        > Personal sound trips                                  
        > Personal creation of own FleX pieces to be distributed to friends                  
        > Accompanying a dance company's performance                        
                                                   
        and much more.                                    
                                                   
                                                   
Sounds       FleX Sounds                                      
                                                   
        A FleX collection of Animated Sounds represents a large variety or synthesis of              
        application aspects:                                    
                                                   
        Presentation                                      
                                                   
        > Musical presentation (concert)                              
        > Sound installation                                  
        > Sound labor                                    
        > Educational project                                  
                                                   
        Musical Resources                                    
                                                   
        > Classical music                                    
        > Pop music (4 standard levels, song forms)                          
        > Freesound (sound community)                              
        > Electronic music                                  
                                                   
        Media                                        
                                                   
        > Website (Internet)                                  
        > Music box (player)                                  
        > Sound library                                    
        > ASP (Application Service Provision model)                          
                                                   
        Interactivity                                      
                                                   
        > Musical instrument                                  
        > Computer game                                  
        > Multi-media                                    
        > Music studio                                    
                                                   
                                                   
Styles       FleX Styles                                      
                                                   
        Target groups demand for different music according to given listening                   
        experiences. FleX may suggest different types of sub-styles, for example:                
                                                   
        Labmusic                                        
                                                   
        > FleX music with a high degree on experimental sounds including a                  
          lots of noises and other extreme sound material, strong processed                  
          natural sounds, etc. Labmusic may include form experiments as well.                
                                                   
        > Lab: n. laboratory, room or building fitted with equipment for scientific                 
          experimentation. (Babylon)                                
                                                   
        Pubmusic                                        
                                                   
        > FleX music with a strong orientation to physical and balanced sounds                
          as known from common hearing experiences. The musical structure                
          itself is more balanced and musical forms are rather simple and not                
          too concentrated.                                  
                                                   
        > Public: adj. open to all people, freely accessible; pertaining to an                   
          entire population; general, universal; n. place that is accessible to the                 
          general population; population as a whole, populace; community, group               
          of people with common interests or qualities. (Babylon)                      
                                                   
        Clubmusic                                      
                                                   
        > FleX music with a high degree of stylistic determination due to specific                 
          utilization purposes, for example, music for dance. The musical                   
          structure is very concentrated, sounds are advanced but balanced,                 
          and the musical forms are rather simple.                          
                                                   
        > Club: group that meets periodically for a shared activity;                     
          location for social gatherings (Babylon)                          
                                                   
        Hubmusic                                      
                                                   
        > FleX music  with the highest degree of musical differentiation through an                 
          optimum balance of distinguished musical values. This music functions as              
          a hub for all other musical styles, serving as an orientation for wise                   
          information reduction (Labmusic development path) or enrichment                   
          (Pubmusic, and Clubmusic development path), as applies.                    
                                                   
        > Hub: center of a wheel into which the spokes are placed;                     
          central point around which other things revolve; center, focus; center of activity;             
          (Computers) central part of a disk that is held by the drive in order to make               
          it turn at the correct speed; (Computers) common point of connection for                 
          devices in a network (Babylon)                              
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
Theory       FleX Theory                                      
                                                   
        The FleX concept may contribute to the following:                          
                                                   
        > Centripetal power against complete fragmentation of musical views and concepts            
        > Detection of one-sidedness in musical analysis                        
        > Concentration on basic areas of expressions regardless implementation               
        > Defining consequences and priorities for suitable music generation systems              
        > Deepening semantic insights into music relationships                      
        > Ideas for music therapy                                
        > Ideas for understanding drivers of music historic establishment of styles and epochs          
        > Defining common denominators in most different music styles determined by various          
          ethnic and social sources                                
                                                   
        and more.                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Summary       FleX Abilities                                      
                                                   
        Using FleX principles for musical creation is the main aim of the FleX concept.                
        However, using FleX principles for musical creation does not guarantee any good result.            
        So what is the value?                                    
        NOT considering the FleX principles definitely increases the risk of failing successful            
        musical communication: FleX principles can serve as an important orientation tool on the             
        way to great new musical discoveries.                              
                                                   
                                                   
Listening Spaces     Each piece of music demands a certain potential of attention - the listening space.               
                                                   
                                                   
Categories       Categories of Listening Spaces                              
                                                   
        Basic categories of listening spaces are:                            
                                                   
        > Popular Listening Spaces                                 
        > Expert Listening Spaces                                 
        > "Pyramid" Listening Spaces                               
                                                   
        The practical place and the circumstances where music is listened to are related to those           
        listening spaces ("listening zones").                              
                                                   
                                                   
Pyramid       The "Listening Pyramid"                                
                                                   
       
                         
       
        - Expert Listening   
          Hubmusic        
                                       
        - Music Performer             Labmusic        
                  "Pyramid" Listening Space              
        - Music Fan               Clubmusic        
                                       
        - Popular Listening              Pubmusic        
                                           
                                                   
        Music that complies to "Pyramid" listening spaces includes different listening spaces             
        at once.                                        
                                                   
        Having a surface level of most robust recognition at the broad basis of the                 
        communication pyramid (see entry motif of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony), this                 
        music includes also deeper levels that span expert listening spaces, requiring               
        deep knowledge and experience in order to recognize the intended information              
         (top of the pyramid).                                     
                                                   
        Music with "Pyramid" spaces tend to be highly adaptable to different listening                 
        communities, and being capable to expose different levels of meaning during its               
        history of perception.                                     
                                                   
                                                   
Zones       Listening Zones                                    
                                                   
        Music can be divided according to the following practical listening zones:                
                                                   
        > Ambient Music                                    
        > Travel Music                                    
        > Home Music                                    
        > Music Exhibition                                  
                                                   
        A place with a high potential of attention suites all kind of listening spaces                 
        (Music Exhibition) whereas places with lower potential fit music only that have                 
        the characteristics of the popular listening spaces.                        
                                                   
                                                   
Conditions       Listening Conditions                                  
                                                   
        Music can be utilized for something other than music, or something other than music,             
        i.e., audio environment and listening conditions can be utilized for musical perception             
        as final purpose. To deal with music as a self-contained piece of communication                
        requires a minimum level in the listening space pyramid, and is characterized by              
         the following conditions:                                  
                                                   
        > Listener's readiness to continuously follow a musical stream for a certain period             
          of time                                       
        > Sufficient level of quality of sound projection system and acoustical conditions             
        > Sufficient dynamic range                                 
        > Sufficient absence of acoustical disturbances                         
        > Sufficient absence of other media that drive attraction away from the musical                
          stream                                      
                                                   
        Provided these conditions, a listener's experience can be described as a "sound trip".             
                                                   
        Sound trip experiences are not a matter of media but a matter of listening behavior,               
        including participation in instrumental concerts, as well as listening to audio records,             
        sound installations, electronic sound tracks, and more.                         
                                                   
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Networking       The deployment of a FleX style depends in its entirety on the successful management            
        of networking structures as mandatory infra-structure, spanning from technical to social             
        levels.                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Technique       Technical Network Conditions                              
                                                   
        FleX oriented musical implementation may be realized through:                    
                                                   
        > Complete unplugged acoustic sound generation environment                  
          (this requires highly qualified musicians = a true "FleX Combo" as acting                
          real-time network)                                  
                                                   
        > Network of sound reproduction systems deployed in home, educational, and              
          public environments                                  
          (this infra-structure could be fed by conservative music recording = frozen              
          FleX, or being connected to online environments for interactive and generative            
          sound creation)                                    
                                                   
        > Multi-media environments (PC-based) that allow the direct interaction with              
          Freesound Music deployments of Animated Sounds and Sound Pages                
          to be available in home, educational and public environments                  
                                                   
        Online real-time generation and interactive environments require a kind of ASP              
        (application service provider) technology as demonstrated by the current                 
        Macromedia (Adobe) based implementations.                          
                                                   
                                                   
Musical Structure       Musical Network Conditions                                
                                                   
        Further to the interactive network conditions as described above, musical events              
        need to be controlled through:                                
                                                   
        > Free available Hypersound links, meaning that from any time position of                
          a given sound defined links are available that represent a possible                 
          continuation of the musical stream. These links can be scheduled (automatic              
          generation following determined or random values), or available for interaction            
          (actual playing of and through links).                            
                                                   
        > The musical structure must be free enough to allow the relatively free                
          placements of the Hypersound links while keeping a relatively constant                
          level of coherent musical quality.                              
                                                   
        > The flexibility described above allows a continuous deviation from sound              
          relations within given borders, leading to unique sound situations each time              
          a piece of music is being presented (unlike recordings = frozen or downsampled            
          FleX).                                      
                                                   
        > A critical mass of given sounds and sound families (sound variations) must              
          be given to allow successful growth of different musical scenarios. The                
          Freesound community represents one of those growing resources.                  
                                                   
Condensation       Sound relationships within a piece of Freesound Music are network relationships               
        created out of a network of joint sound contributions. This process of joint sound              
        composition can be considered as a kind of network condensation merging various            
        network levels.                                      
                                                   
                                                   
Communities       Social Network Conditions                                
                                                   
        Successfully implementation of FleX requires public education and awareness              
        through networks like:                                    
                                                   
Distribution       > Promotional networks.                                
        > Educational networks.                                
        > User groups and communities.                              
        > Related channels like public institutions with potential for advanced music              
          deployment.                                    
                                                   
Contribution       > Private Sponsorship.                                  
        > Public support.                                    
        > Joint honorary work.                                  
        > Commercial models in accordance with CC (Common Creative) licenses.              
                                                   
                                                   
    Glossary                                      
                                                   
                                                   
        A B C D E F G H I J K L M                  
        N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z                  
                                                   
                                                   
  A                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Animated Sounds     Rather than being previewed, downloaded, cut, and inserted in a sound editor, Animated Sounds         
        can directly be assembled in a browser for continuous and simultaneous playing, linked in between         
        web pages, or simply serve as an additional playground for home, studio, public, or DJ productions.        
                                                   
                                                   
  C                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Choleric       Mind-set of drama, practical attitude, strong and vivid emotional agility, eruptive outbursts, strong         
        contrasts in behavior, architectural building strength.                        
                                                   
Wikipedia       Choleric corresponds to the fluid of yellow bile, the season of summer (dry and hot), and the element         
        of fire. A person who is choleric is a doer and a leader. Many great charismatic, military and political         
        figures were cholerics. On the negative side, they are easily angered or bad tempered. (Wikipedia)        
                                                   
Musical Form       The choleric mind-set can be found in music in the "Story" (sonata-like) form, concentrating          
        around dramatic power and decisive forming competency.                      
                                                   
Clubmusic       FleX music with a high degree of stylistic determination due to specific                   
        utilization purposes, for example, music for dance. The musical                     
        structure is very concentrated, sounds are advanced but balanced,                   
        and the musical forms are rather simple.                            
                                                   
Babylon       Club: group that meets periodically for a shared activity;                       
        location for social gatherings                                
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Communication       Multi-level communication model that stands for the ability to simultaneously transfer content          
Pyramid       perceptible by various degrees of education and pre-disposition. For example, Mozart can be          
        easily perceived on a surface level ("making some kind of sense") while deeper artistic            
        meanings and levels still perceptible by educated listeners. This model contradicts communication        
        models that explicitly dedicated to target groups, either from economical reasons (wanting to           
        sell "easy consumable" information) or from scientific or esoteric reasons (wanting to differentiate        
        from common or "flat" information).                              
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Continuous       This is an ability of Animated Sounds to interrupt and re-combine a sound stream at any of its           
Clipping       positions without creating a "syntactical failure". This is not valid for music streams that are           
        organized by rasterized static rhythmical and tonal metrics (4/4 measurement, 12-tone scale) since         
        they follow strong syntactical preferences.                             
                                                   
        Sound streams that are suitable for FleX are usually dynamic, i.e. they consist of a process of           
        rhythmical, tonal, sound, or other structural transition. Therefore, playing "on a stream" by             
        Animated Sounds invokes a process of playing on a complex "scale" (vector room).             
                                                   
                                                   
  E                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Effect       Musical event that appears rather isolated in terms of context (differs a lot from surrounding elements),      
        semantic specialty (refers often to something in non-musical areas), and time condition (appears as        
        surprise).                                        
                                                   
                                                   
  F                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Figuration       Musical structures dominated by permanent repetitive and rhythmical actions in order to             
        keep the musical flow going. These structures are of organic nature and highly               
        'communicative'. They allow other structures to dock on.                      
                                                   
                                                   
FleX       Stylistic concept based on freed musical metrics, promoting four basic areas of musical            
        expressions: rhythmic-continuous, melodic-phrase bound, layer-background, event-arbitrary.          
                                                   
                                                   
Flexible Metrics       Metric relations in music that are not equidistant but evolving in increasing, decreasing,            
        stochastic, or other metric orders, valid for rhythmical as well as for frequency relations.            
                                                   
                                                   
Form Types       The FleX style owns 4 basic form paradigms which are called:                    
                                                   
Form Paradigms       > Story                                      
        > Song                                      
        > Serial                                      
        > Fractal                                      
                                                   
        These form types have their origins in four classical form types which can be considered            
        as four main manifestations of mind-sets as classified by the four classical temperaments:          
                                                   
References       > Sonata form (Story) - Choleric mind-set                          
        > Song form (basic circular) - Melancholic mind-set                        
        > Variation form (Serial) - Sanguine mind-set                          
        > Fugue form (Fractal) - Phlegmatic mind-set                          
                                                   
Generic Type       There are generic and degeneracy form types. Generic form types are integrative, and            
        degenerative form types are disintegrative.                             
                                                   
        > Stories integrate various structural types on a vertical and form level                
          into one piece with architectural relations spanning over the complete duration              
                                                   
           = Generative form type                                
                                                   
        > Fractals integrate various structural types on a linear and melodic level into              
          one oscillating unified piece (non-breakable)                        
                                                   
           = Generative form type                                
                                                   
        > Songs do not allow horizontal interaction between structure types and are              
          limited to vertical interactions (melody layer interacting with rhythmical layer,              
          etc.)                                        
                                                   
           = Degenerative form type                                
                                                   
        > Serials do not allow vertical interaction between structure types and are limited            
          to horizontal interactions (one variation interrelates to another one, the interaction            
          within a variation is very limited since a variation is usually mono-structural               
          oriented)                                      
                                                   
           = Degenerative form type                                
                                                   
        It is important to understand that this mind-set mapping refers to the genotype of the               
        form whereas the phenotype might be totally different or being present in multiple cases.            
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Fractal       The term fractal was coined in 1975 by Benoît Mandelbrot, from the Latin fractus,               
        meaning "broken" or "fractured." In colloquial usage, it denotes a shape that is               
Wikipedia       recursively constructed or self-similar, that is, a shape that appears similar at all               
        scales of magnification and is therefore often referred to as "infinitely complex."               
        (Wikipedia)                                      
                                                   
Musical Structure       In FleX, the term "fractal" is used to describe a generally broken structure that is typical            
        for speech-like and melody-like sequences. However, self-similar relations are especially           
        apparent in those structures. It is considered one of four basic material types in musical             
        structures, typical for "Xpressions".                               
                                                   
FleX Form Type       In addition, "Fractal" is used to describe a musical form that is an outcome of interactive            
        linear processes and compares to the classical form of a fugue.                    
                                                   
                                                   
Freesound       The Freesound Project aims to create a huge collaborative database of audio snippets,             
        samples, recordings, bleeps, ... released under the Creative Commons Sampling Plus             
        License. The Freesound Project provides new and interesting ways of accessing these             
        samples, allowing users to                                   
                                                   
Freesound Activities       > browse the sounds in new ways using keywords, a "sounds-like" type of browsing             
          and more                                       
        > up and download sounds to and from the database, under the same creative               
          commons license                                   
        > interact with fellow sound-artists!                               
                                                   
        (http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/whatIsFreesound.php)                        
                                                   
                                                   
Freesound       Freesound Music is an implementation of the musical FleX style based on sounds that            
Music       are provided by the Freesound community and an interactive sound representation              
        and interaction system that is driven by Animated Sounds.                      
                                                   
                                                   
Freesound       The Freesound Music Portal is an online presentation of the Freesound Music project.            
Music Portal       It is divided into four areas:                                  
                                                   
Areas       > "Sound Trips": Area of Freesound Music that presents music in interactive              
          "organized trips" guiding through exciting landscapes of sound.                  
                                                   
        > "Sound Scapes": Area of dedicated assemblies of Animated Sounds that can              
          make up sound environments or evolve to Sound Trips of various kinds.                
                                                   
        > "Sound Pages": Area of complete sound catalogues provided with methods to             
          assemble Animated Sounds into standard browser pages.                    
                                                   
        > "Sound Café": Knowledge base around the Freesound Music project (this               
          document).                                    
                                                   
Round Trip       The Freesound Music project can provide new insights and opportunities for musical            
        recognition and creativity. The process of knowing and working with the project can              
        be described as a "Round Trip":                                
                                                   
        > "Sound Trips" to know the music, "Sound Scapes" to see how a Sound Trip can             
          evolve, "Sound Pages" to know what makes up a Sound Scape, and finally the             
          "Sound Café" that provides you with the conceptual background.                  
                                                   
        > The "Sound Café" to teach you how to create your own "Sound Pages", which will in           
          return represent your own "Sound Scapes" to make up your own "Sound Trips" and            
          to offer it to your friends or to the public.                          
                                                   
Navigation       More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Fugue       In music, a fugue (IPA: [fjuːg]) is a type of contrapuntal composition. It begins with a theme             
        stated by one of the voices playing alone. A second voice then enters and plays the same           
Wikipedia       theme, while the first voice continues on with a contrapuntal accompaniment. The remaining           
        voices enter one by one, each beginning by stating the same theme. The remainder of the           
        fugue develops the material further using all of the voices and, usually, multiple statements           
        of the theme. The word fugue comes from the Latin fuga (flight) and fugere (to flee).               
        (Wikipedia)                                      
                                                   
FleX Form Type       The FleX concept reflects the fugue form as one of four basic form types, representing the            
        highest degree of polyphonic density and musical linear power. Fugues have their original          
        drivers in horizontal interactive development (unlike in a sonata form, the invention of the             
        continuation always depends directly from the preceding development) and rely completely          
        on melodic linearity. The melodic development is very often fractionalized, meaning that the          
        fugue theme is split into units which are used in different lengths throughout the piece.            
                                                   
                                                   
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HSML       Hypersound Markup Language - Conceptual equivalent to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language),        
        see also "Hypersound".                                  
                                                   
                                                   
Hubmusic       FleX music  with the highest degree of musical differentiation through an                   
        optimum balance of distinguished musical values. This music functions as                
        a hub for all other musical styles, serving as an orientation for wise                     
        information reduction (Labmusic development path) or enrichment                     
        (Pubmusic, and Clubmusic development path), as applies.                      
                                                   
Babylon       Hub: center of a wheel into which the spokes are placed;                       
        central point around which other things revolve; center, focus; center of activity;               
        (Computers) central part of a disk that is held by the drive in order to make                 
        it turn at the correct speed; (Computers) common point of connection for                   
        devices in a network                                    
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Hypersound       Hypersound is the concept of linking sound media (audio streams) in a way like text chunks           
        are linked in Hypertext. Unlike text streams that are usually presented in static pages,             
        Hypersound links are working in a real time sound streaming environment.                
                                                   
                                                   
  I                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Interactive Music     Basically every musical play is interactive by definition. However, with computer-aided            
        music environments, playing rules and possibilities can reach fundamentally new               
        levels of design.                                    
                                                   
        Freesound Music can be defined as an outcome of computer-aided interactive music             
        utilizing free sounds and sound relationships. The Freesound Music implementation             
        allows currently basically four levels of musical interactivity. Two are periphere (1 and 4),            
        two are inherent (2 and 3):                                  
                                                   
        1. Passive Reception                                  
          Final results are still presentable in classical forms of electronic media (CD, website            
          playlist, etc.).                         >>          
                                                   
        2. Entry Level                                    
          The system provides basically two different kinds of entry level for users:              
          a) Sound Page creation through the FleX Publisher                      
            Users can open the Workbench, select sounds of their choice and assemble            
            them automatically into playable groups that will appear in personal Sound            
            Pages.                         >>          
          b) Sound Path creation through the FleX Recorder                      
            Users can navigate more complex assemblies of sounds (pre-composed             
            environments), record them and exchange them with other participants of the            
            system.                         >>          
                                                   
        3. Advanced Level                                  
          Advanced users can built virtual sound pages (free selected sound assemblies) and          
          complex navigation based on them to create advanced pieces of interactive music,           
          such as complete jam sessions, and more.               >>          
                                                   
        4. Expert Level                                    
          The Freesound Music implementation is basically intended as an open system.            
          Although the technology does not allow common source development, all resources          
          are provided upon request to allow interested people or organizations to re-purpose           
          or re-build modules or any other parts or ideas of the system.         >>          
                                                   
Babylon       Interactivity: n. reciprocal activity, cooperation; direct link between a computer and user             
        when the computer poses questions and operates according to the user's instructions.            
                                                   
                                                   
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Labmusic       FleX music with a high degree on experimental sounds including a                    
        lots of noises and other extreme sound material, strong processed                    
        natural sounds, etc. Labmusic may include form experiments as well.                  
                                                   
Babylon       Lab: n. laboratory, room or building fitted with equipment for scientific                   
        experimentation.                                    
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Layer       Musical structures of rather static or long lasting nature that allow to "dive" deeply into            
        sound, to experience mental space, and to gain a kind of emotional background.               
        These structures (large fields, sounds) may occur arbitrary.                      
                                                   
                                                   
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Material Types       In FleX, four basic material types can be detected when related to the main phenotypes:            
                                                   
        > Repetition -> Figures                                  
        > Long lasting sound -> Layers                              
        > Vector -> Events                                  
        > Fractal -> Xpressions                                  
                                                   
        Material can be categorized according to its 'aggregation' temperature which is related            
        to its degree of redundancy:                                
                                                   
        Aggregation   Memorizable   Redundancy   Element structure            
                                                   
        SOLID     Very high     Very high     Static intervals              
        FLUID     Medium     Medium     Bend intervals              
        GAS       Very low     Very low     Entropic distribution            
                                                   
        Fluid materials are typical for a FleX music style.                          
                                                   
                                                   
Melancholic       Mind-set of thoughtful pondering, meditation, internalization, spiritualization, low motion,             
        emotional exploration, and atmospheric competency.                        
                                                   
Wikipedia       Melancholic is the personality of an individual characterized by black bile; hence (Greek μελας,         
        melas, "black", + χολη, kholé, "bile"); a person who was a thoughtful ponderer had a melancholic         
        disposition. Often very kind and considerate, melancholics can be highly creative - as in poets           
        and artists - but also can become overly obsessed on the tragedy and cruelty in the world, thus         
        becoming depressed. It also indicates the season of autumn (dry and cold) and the element of           
        earth. A melancholy is also often a perfectionist, being very particular about what they want and         
        how they want it in some cases. This often results in being unsatisfied with one's own artistic or           
        creative works, always pointing out to themselves what could and should be improved.            
        (Wikipedia)                                      
                                                   
FleX Form Type       Musically, the melancholic mind-set fits best to song forms, concentrating on a certain state that         
        is being deeply explored.                                  
                                                   
                                                   
Mentality       Mentality can be described as intellectual character, frame of mind, mental capacity. (Babylon)          
                                                   
                                                   
  O                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Operating       Modern general-purpose computers, including personal computers and mainframes, have an           
System       operating system to run other programs, such as application software. Examples of operating           
        systems for personal computers include Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS (Darwin), and Unix.          
Wikipedia       (Wikipedia)                                      
                                                   
FleX Structure       In music, an "operating system" can be described as the entirety of rules that constitute            
        a certain systematic potential of combinations, the "paradigm" of a musical style or a musical          
        historical period. Of course an "operating system" in music is dynamic but nevertheless            
        limited and having usually a life-cycle which expires as soon as no relevant new combinations          
        can be any more generated within the systemic approach of the musical building rules
           
        (appearance of recycled music).                                
                                                   
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Phlegmatic       Well balanced mind-set around intellectual dominated contemplation, scientific explorations           
        and competency, abilities of vast integration and continuous growth.                  
                                                   
Wikipedia (1)       A phlegmatic person is calm and unemotional. Phlegmatic means pertaining to phlegm,
           
        corresponds to the season of winter (wet and cold), and connotes the element of water.            
        While phlegmatics are generally self-content and kind, their shy personality can often inhibit           
        enthusiasm in others and make themselves lazy and resistant to change. They are very             
        consistent, relaxed, and observant, making them good administrators and diplomats.             
        Like the sanguine personality, the phlegmatic has many friends. But the phlegmatic is             
        more reliable and compassionate; these characteristics typically make the phlegmatic a             
        more dependable friend. (Wikipedia)                              
                                                   
Wikipedia (2)       Within an individual, the phlegmatic personality is considered to be compatible with the             
        sanguine and melancholic traits -- the melancholic personality is too perfectionist, and the           
        choleric is too controlling. Combinations of two incompatible traits may be evidence of masking.        
        When the theory of the temperaments was on the wane, many critics dropped the phlegmatic,           
        or defined it purely negatively as the absence of temperament. This, however, made it available         
        for the German philosopher Immanuel Kant to reclaim as the temperament appropriate to             
        freedom and virtue. (Wikipedia)                                
                                                   
FleX Form Type       A phlegmatic musical structure concentrates on universal control and balance of all mental          
        types, organic growth and gradual intellectual development. Interactive play is an important          
        generator for this kind of structural development (for example, polyphonic improvisations,            
        sophisticated Jazz developments, etc.). The typical incarnation of the phlegmatic musical            
        type is the "Fractal" (or fugue).                                
                                                   
                                                   
Playground       Playgrounds consists of formal building blocks, sequences, vertically complete assemblies           
        built of sound streams (musical spaces). Playgrounds are, for example, HTML pages that           
        include multiple Animated Sounds (see also Sound Pages, Sound Trips).                
                                                   
                                                   
Pubmusic       FleX music with a strong orientation to physical and balanced sounds                  
        as known from standard hearing experiences. The musical structure                  
        itself is more balanced and musical forms are rather simple and not                  
        too concentrated.                                    
                                                   
Babylon       Public: adj. open to all people, freely accessible; pertaining to an                     
        entire population; general, universal; n. place that is accessible to the                   
        general population; population as a whole, populace; community, group                 
        of people with common interests or qualities. (Babylon)                        
                                                   
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Repetition       One of four basic material types in musical structures, typical for "Figures". The repetition            
        structure must be broadly understood within the complete parametric field, for example,            
        a tone might be repeated, but also a certain time value while the tone is changing, etc.            
                                                   
                                                   
Resonance       The acoustical phenomenon of resonance can be used to symbolize the degree of             
Theory       perception that a listener is able to experience from a certain piece of music. Depending            
        on his listening experience that can be considered as a summary of adaptive oscillation            
        over time such as a resonating system that adapts itself to a certain band of frequency,            
        the strength and deepness of his musical experience can be examined.                  
                                                   
        Further to this approach interesting effects of interpersonal resonances (effects of mass            
        experiences, etc.) can be considered as well.                          
                                                   
                                                   
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Sanguine       Mind-set of high agility and sudden changes, masking, playing, intellectual games, acting
         
        and imitating other mind-sets, skepticism, ability to leave a given framework.                
                                                   
Wikipedia       Sanguine indicates the personality of an individual with the temperament of blood,               
        the season of spring (wet and hot), and the element of air. A person who is sanguine is             
        generally optimistic, cheerful, even-tempered, confident, rational, popular, and fun-loving.             
        They can be daydreamy to the point of not accomplishing anything and impulsive, acting             
        on whims in an unpredictable fashion. This also describes the manic phase of a bipolar             
        disorder. (Wikipedia)                                    
                                                   
FleX Form Type       A sanguine musical structure concentrates on simulation, masking, interpretation of               
        musical structures and is therefore best suited for "Serial" (variation) forms.                
                                                   
                                                   
Scenery       A scenery is a musical period which is characterized by a quite stable relationship of            
        its musical elements (like Figures, Layers, Events, and Xpressions). It offers usually              
        a wide panorama on various musical experiences at once and is typically used as the            
        central building block for Song forms (see Song).                          
                                                   
                                                   
Sequences       Sequences of Animated Sounds are fulfilling different functions depending on which              
        type they are belonging to:                                  
                                                   
        > A sequence of Figures provides a kind of "Sound Road", carrying and driving             
          the musical communication.                              
                                                   
        > A sequence of Layers provides a kind of "Sound Space", enlarging and deepening           
          the musical communication.                              
                                                   
        > A sequence of Events provides a row of "Sound Attractions", enriching the musical            
          communication through additional context.                          
                                                   
        > A sequence of Xpressions provides a kind of "Sound Poetry", communicating the             
          main and vital musical intent.                              
                                                   
                                                   
Serial       In the FleX concept a "Serial" describes a musical form that is a linear sequence of a             
        vertically split variation process, comparing to classical variation forms.                  
                                                   
                                                   
Sonata       Sonata denotes a self-contained work for one or two instruments (earlier, three or more also),           
        usually with at least three movements, at least one of which is in sonata form. The standard           
        layout of such a multi-movement sonata is occasionally and confusingly called sonata form,           
        but not in this article.                                    
                                                   
Wikipedia       Sonata form is a musical form that has been used widely since the early Classical period.           
        It has most often, but not exclusively, been used in the first movement of many kinds of             
        multi-movement pieces, and is therefore sometimes referred to as sonata-allegro form or           
        first-movement form. (Wikipedia)                                
                                                   
FleX Form Type       The FleX concept reflects the sonata form as the top musical realization of a dramatic and           
        contrast oriented composition, combining all types of mentalities into one piece of music,             
        creating a kind of multi-level interaction between of them. The generic process of a sonata          
        is - unlike the fugue - non linear, meaning that there are a lot of interdependencies spread            
        over the whole piece, while the direct succession of the musical flow is rather discontinuous          
        and led by contrast balance. The sonata form is can be considered as the incarnation of the           
        musical form in general (highest degree and density of architectural relationships).              
        The extended musical form in FleX that corresponds to the sonata is called "Story".              
                                                   
                                                   
Song       A song is a relatively short musical composition for the human voice (commonly               
        accompanied by other musical instruments), which features words (lyrics).                 
        Colloquially, song is commonly used to refer to any music composition, even those without           
        vocals.                                        
                                                   
Wikipedia       Songs can be broadly divided into many different forms, depending on the criteria used.             
        One division is between "art songs", "popular music songs", and "folk songs".               
        Other common methods of classification are by purpose (sacred vs. secular), by style             
        (dance, ballad, Lieder, etc.) or by time of origin (Renaissance, Contemporary, etc).              
        (Wikipedia)                                      
                                                   
FleX Form Type       The FleX concept reflects song forms in a broader sense of any musical form that owns            
        stable musical layers with certain musical functions throughout the whole piece like melody          
        plus accompaniment. Still all structures of all types might be present, but in a fixed vertical            
        order with limited interaction (unlike the sonata form where all types are in continuous change          
        of interactions involving structure and type dominance in a certain time period as well).            
        Song forms are typically circular (like the sonata form) and the most popular due to their formal          
        simplicity. Sophistications in song forms can be found in the melodic, harmonic, and sound          
        balance sphere.                                    
                                                   
Scenery Energy       Due to the relatively fixed vertical structure of a song (see "Scenery"), the formal elements can           
        be usually easily distinguished. Formal elements can have a different degree of               
        communicative "temperature":                                
                                                   
        > State: Scenery of normal communicative power (normal message)                
           = "Balanced Scenery"                                
        > Subset: Scenery of subordinate communicative power (less emphasized message)          
           = "Shadowed Scenery"                                
        > Stress: Scenery of high communicative power (strong emphasized message)              
           = "Highlighted Scenery"                                
        > Sequence: Row of smaller single units appearing with one of the above emphasizes          
           = "Moving Scenery"                                  
                                                   
        Many songs start with a State as relatively relaxed message (strophe) before moving to a          
        Stress pattern (refrain) that owns a higher emphasized expression.                    
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Family       A group of sounds with a relatively high degree of similarity, usually bundled into an               
        Animated Sound that performs all variations at once for lively replay.                  
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Page       A Sound Page is usually a HTML page that assembles a number of Animated Sound            
        groups that are used to follow each other representing a certain piece of Freesound              
        Music.                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Park       The Sound Park is a collection of Animated Samples that is used to create new Sound            
        Pages and Web-based sound compositions. Within the Freesound Music project,               
        the Sound Park is also called "Workbench", split into four basic areas of Animated Sounds.          
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Road       A "Sound Road" is a continuous sequence of Figures which are usually sharing one            
        type or "temperature" of motion (for example, very fast, or continuously changing their            
        metrics, etc.).                                      
                                                   
        Sound Roads are constitutive for the establishment of Sound Trips. You could say that            
        Sound Trips are driven based on Sound Roads providing a kind of driving direction and            
        driving power to the other levels of musical information (see also description of FleX              
        functions).                                        
                                                   
        The practical road to establish Sound Roads (the "road-road") can be divided into four             
        different levels of constitutive methods:                            
                                                   
        1. Road Mode:                                     
          The Direct Mode applied in Adobe Director for immediate succession of Animated             
          Sound chunks guarantees a continuous musical stream performance.                
                                                   
        2. Road Map:                                     
          Assemblies of Figures that share similar motion characteristics allow selection for            
          continuous Sound Roads.                                
                                                   
        3. Road Mark:                                     
          Group Control Buttons leading through an actual selection of Sound Roads with            
          optimum succession and appliance of fitting Xpression, Layer and Event elements.            
                                                   
        4. Road Motion:                                     
          The organized Sound Trip in action allows the actual Sound Roads entering the            
          ear of the listener and carrying the complete scope of the musical information.              
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Scape       "Sound Scape" is used to characterize a musical situation where musical elements              
        Figures, Layers, Events, and Xpressions are lasting for a while in a balanced situation            
        (see also "Scenery"). This situation can be also paradigmatic when on the concrete              
        level a higher differentiation occurs. In this case, a smooth shift from one Sound Scape            
        paradigma to another becomes a matter of subtile composition.                    
                                                   
        In a wider sense "Sound Scapes" are also marketed as static musical products, like            
        sound installations (see "Freesound Music Portal").                        
                                                   
                                                   
Sound Trips       A "Sound Trip" stands for the perceptional focus on a musical stream. In today's multi-media          
        environments visual components usually dominating the musical experience (80 % of            
Introduction       attention is owned by the visual perception). Sound trips are offering the experiences that            
        are only accessible when listening primary to sequences of musical events while visual            
        components underline or support the origin musical flow of information (visualization as             
        function of music unlike music a "atmospheric" function for visual dominated content).            
        For example, listening to a symphony while watching the orchestra that produces its sounds          
        can clearly be considered a sound trip. In this sense, sound trip means nothing else than            
        the readiness of a listener to dive into music. MTV like music videos can be considered            
        as sound trips as well since usually the visualization of musical generation - even simulated -          
        is being embedded.                                    
                                                   
Representations       Sound Trips can be represented in different ways:                        
                                                   
        > "Matrices": Animated Sounds are assembled in Sound Pages in F-l-e-X order              
          but not necessarily in the order of their scheduled appearance. Group and button            
          guide control can be provided within and outside the Animated Sounds.                
          Used for Sound Trip development and specialized performances.                  
                                                   
        > "Sound Pages": Animated Sounds are assembled in Sound Pages in F-l-e-X order,            
          and the various groups are appearing in the order of their scheduled appearance.            
          Because of that, certain Animated Sounds may also appear multiple times (when             
          included in following groups). Used in standard Sound Pages (usually in one page).          
                                                   
        > "Burndowns": A Burndown is an audio recording of a Sound Trip as represented and           
          played by one of the above Sound Page versions. It represents a frozen version of            
          a Sound Trip unlike Sound Page representations that vary with each performance.            
                                                   
Sound Trip Types       According to the concept of four different basic musical forms, Sound Trips can be              
        divided into:                                      
                                                   
        > "Round Trips" presenting a lot of exciting stuff to experience (OT, see Story)              
        > "Local Trips" with focus on details someone might like especially (LT, see Song)            
        > "Field Trips" to gain new insights (FT, see Serial)                        
        > "Road Trips" where the destination is yet to be discovered (RT, see Fractal)              
                                                   
Collections       "Journeys" can be considered as assemblies of Sound Trips, as you would organize a            
        whole vacation. A Round Journey would include all kinds of Trips ("symphonic cycle"),            
        whereas a Local Journey would naturally focus just on Local Trips ("song album") or a            
        Field Journey would focus on diverse Field Trips ("theme with variations"). Finally a              
        Road Journey would combine various Road Trips intermitted by various Local Trips            
        for getting some rest ("preludes and fugues").                          
                                                   
Road Marks       Sound Trips are driven by "Road Marks" (play control buttons) that are highlighted              
        (button guide) in order to indicate recommended switches of Scenaries for traveling.            
        (See also Sound Roads.)                                  
                                                   
Organized Trips       Recommended or flattened Sound Trips are "Organized Sound Trips", providing a              
        specific value on optimization how to explore a given sound selection (see also Sound            
        Scape). These Trips are comparing to the concept of a defined musical piece or              
        composition.                                      
                                                   
Publishing       Improvisations and random methods (shuffle) are additional ways to experience the              
        collections of Animated Sounds. Based on those tries and experiments the Freesound             
        Music project invites the community to participate in creating and presenting organized             
        trips as described above. This is supported by given publishing methods laid out in             
        the "Implementation" section of this site (see corresponding tab below).                  
                                                   
                                                   
Story       In the FleX concept, "Story" refers to musical forms that are an outcome of sophisticated collage        
        techniques and usually circular built (for example ABA), comparing to the classical sonata form.        
                                                   
                                                   
Streamer       A streamer is a sound generating tool that creates continuous sound output by utilizing given          
        sound resources, for example, by linking them as Hypersounds (see also Animated Sounds).          
                                                   
                                                   
Structure Type       The FleX concept distinguishes between four basic structure types, "Figures", "Layers",            
        "Events", and "Xpressions".                                
                                                   
                                                   
Surfmusic       Music that is based on the Hypersound principle opens new opportunities for musical            
        interactions that lead to interactive or joint authoring which becomes a much stronger            
        approach than known from con-productive classical music interpretation or even Jazz             
        improvisations. In interactive environments as suggested by Animated Sound navigations,           
        the final musical stream is a result of navigational actions of the user.                  
                                                   
Hypersound       Any sound hyperlink produces a new valid musical event, thus providing a complete             
        musical experience while surfing through Hypersounds. The user's preferences on changes           
        within the environment (between Animated Sounds, sound groups, or complete sound pages)          
        becomes a part of the authoring process of the final and unique musical stream which we call          
        a Sound Trip.                                      
                                                   
                                                   
  V                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Variation       In music, variation is a formal technique where material is altered during repetition;               
        reiteration with changes. Changes may be harmonic, melodic, contrapuntal, rhythmic,             
        and of timbre or orchestration. Varied sections depend upon one type of presentation             
        of material, while developmental sections use many different presentations and combinations           
        of material.                                      
                                                   
Wikipedia       Variation forms include ground bass, passacaglia, chaconne, and theme and variation             
        (Copland 2002, p.115). Theme and variations is a musical form where a theme is repeated           
        in altered form or accompanied in a different manner. Passacaglias and chaconnes             
        are forms in with a repeating bass line or ostinato is heard through the entire piece.               
        Fantasia variation is a form which relies on variation but which repeats and incorporates             
        material freely. (Wikipedia)                                  
                                                   
FleX Form Type       The FleX concept reflects variation forms in a broader sense of any sequence of musical           
        patterns or movements that explores certain mental types and structures, one after the            
        the other (called "serial"). Like the song form, variations are degenerative forms with frozen          
        types of structures - here non-flexible in horizontal manner while a song is non-flexible in a            
        vertical manner.                                      
                                                   
                                                   
Vector       One of four basic material types in musical structures, typical for "Events". A vector is            
        characterized by a parametric transition from one position to another, for example a               
        glissando, accelerando, sound transition, etc.                          
                                                   
                                                   
  W                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Well Tempered       Between the poles of being bored (highest redundancy) and being confronted with               
Music       non-understandable information (entropy), each individual as well as whole musical              
        cultures are experiencing a range of richness and dynamics of musical information.              
        This thermodynamic balance could be called "well tempered", meaning the existence            
        of an operating system that allows the most of differentiable musical information units            
        while retaining an optimum degree of internalization (which is a very important trade-              
        off).                                          
                                                   
FleX Balance       Balancing musical temperaments as proposed by the FleX concept could be considered          
        as essential contribution to an optimum temperature for the biotope of deployable              
        musical units. Progressive tendencies which can be materialized by higher flexibility            
        of the musical parameters would be balanced by the conservative demand of                
        human constants like anthropologic founded mind-sets and mental polarities or              
        physical conditions of basic human experiences (communication, work, play, etc.).              
        which are valid across cultures and societies of all ages.                      
                                                   
        More ...                                        
                                                   
                                                   
Workbench       The Workbench is an arrangement of 4 browser windows, representing 4 collections            
        of Animated Sounds. These collections are also called Sound Park and consist of              
        "Figures", "Layers", "Events", and "Xpressions".                          
                                                   
                                                   
Workflow       Although it becomes quite easy to combine Animated Sounds into Sound Pages, this            
        transformation is still challenged by an optimum process to cope with the mass of sounds            
        available and some leading ideas how to streamline the work for creating Freesound            
        Music. For those who want to dive a bit deeper into the creation of Freesound Music,            
        four basic work steps or work "stations" can be suggested:                      
                                                   
        1. Sound Park:                                    
          All work starts with the assembly and systematically capturing sounds into              
          the FleX categories. You may contribute to the Sound Park as described in the            
          "Contribution" section (see tab below).                            
          The Sound Park is represented by a 4-tiled browser environment, called the              
          Workbench.                         >>          
                                                   
        2. Sound Road:                                    
          A variation of the Workbench is available that presents "Figures" ordered by              
          average speed. Assembling Figures with similar speed constitutes a very good            
          entry point for the overall selection of Animated Sounds. If you want, you create            
          a kind of "Sound Road" on which the other sounds will "drive" or "be driven".   >>          
                                                   
        3. Sound Matrices:                                  
          Sound Matrices are created with the help of HTML methods as described in the            
          "Implementation" chapter (see tab below). The idea is to control all Animated              
          Sounds by sequences of play group controls, typically located underneath              
          the Animated Sound matrix. Unlike the direct creation of Sound Pages, this               
          non-linear approach allows a more complex and economic use of sound               
          references, leading to more creative freedom of the musical design.     >>          
                                                   
        4. Sound Pages:                                    
          Once a Sound Matrix has been finalized, different versions of this Sound Matrix            
          can be extracted, using the standard method of creating Sound Pages as               
          described in the "Implementation" chapter (click link to the right). However, HTML             
          editing methods will still be needed for a complete transformation.       >>          
                                                   
                                                   
  X                                                
                                                   
                                                   
Xpression       Musical structures leading the musical communication, like a melody. Usually split in phrases           
        (reflecting breathing), those leading structures are of individual and expressive nature and           
        most responsible for the profile of a certain piece while demanding for the highest attention.          
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
                                                   
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